ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

 

What is artificial intelligence?

  Artificial      = Things that are not created by nature (or) things that are created by human.

Intelligence = It is the ability to think, store, communicate, etc which is predominantly in human brain.

From the above explanation, we can understand that it is the collaboration of the human brain’s power in a non-living thing.

Definition

Artificial intelligence is the ability of the non –living thing (i.e.) robot, machines to perform certain tasks just like human do.

	Father of artificial intelligence John McCarthy

First AI

 In 1955, the first AI program was created by Newell and Simon. The name artificial intelligence was coined by John McCarthy, later become the father of artificial intelligence.
 
 
Understanding artificial intelligence

“Artificial intelligence is a set of algorithms and intelligence to try to mimic human intelligence. Machine learning is one of them, and deep learning is one of those machine learning techniques.”

AI is merely like a human brain, human brain has several nerves connected to various parts of the body collects information likewise AI has several nerves connected to various parts of the earth to collect information. In AI, we need to train the machine with the programs, algorithms or some real-time examples. For example we are creating a disease identifying machine, for that we need to give several inputs to it, then only it can build patterns or identity it.
AI has the ability to change the every field in the planet such as medicine, engineering, software, etc.

Types of artificial intelligence

·     Reactive machines

This is the basic types of AI. These machines cannot use the past data or it cannot store the data for future.it is only for the spot reaction. They can do only simple task, they cannot do beyond the program. Hence it is not been used in advanced projects.
Eg: chess game

·     Limited memory

These machines have ability to use the past experienced data and it can use it for the future and it can act for the current scenario.
  Eg: automated cars
It can use the previous experience and it can save it for future and it can react to the current situations like weather, flood, etc. it can also monitor the other vehicles in the road.
·     Theory of mind

This type is not used in the full phrase, it is still in the development. This type deals with the emotions, thoughts of the human.
Eg: Siri, Google Assistant, Alexa
 
·      Self-awareness

The AI which is able to think and correct itself fall under this category. This type of AI is seen only in the movies. It is not yet developed, but in future it may have some developments in this type.
Movie Eg: enthiran, 2.0, etc

Branches of artificial intelligence

·      Machine Learning
·      Deep Learning
·      Natural Language Processing
·      Robotics
·      Expert Systems
·      Fuzzy Logic

Applications of artificial intelligence

·      Chatbots

These AI are designed to communicate with the people. These are programmed to solve the queries of the end user.

·      Ecommerce

This field alone has seen an enormous amount development in the last decade. The term Ecommerce means electronic commerce which means the buying and selling of products, money transfer, etc.

·      Sports betting

The sports betting is nothing but the prediction of the sports match by analyzing the previous reports.

·      Healthcare

This AI uses the programs and algorithms to diagnose the disease and to suggest the end user to take the necessary treatment.
 

·      Agriculture

The AI is used to predict the meteorological changes such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, rain fall, etc. It is also used to predict the diseases, pest that can attack the crops and suggesting the medicines for it.

·      Education

The AI is used to teach the student community by the robots, by monitoring the students during exams, analyzing the talents of the student.

·      Transport

The AI is used in self-driving cars, it can reduce the traffics in the major cities and it can also reduce the number of accidents.
 

Examples of AI

·      Google maps
·      Siri, google assistant
·      E-Payments such as paytm, amazon
·      Online shopping
·      Self-driving vehicles
·      Robotics
·      Games
·      Trading
·      Categorizes the mails in gmail

Advantages of artificial intelligence

·      It saves time in completing the work
·      It makes error-free environment
·      It does not have time limit for working (24/7) and it will not get tired.
·      It takes the risks but humans don’t (in chemical industries robots can handle the chemicals without any danger)

Disadvantages of artificial intelligence

·      Privacy it tracks the user for their understanding, it may lead to danger
·      It leads to unemployment globally
·      It makes human lazy
·      Lack of emotion(it can do what the algorithm or program says)
·      When the AI learns more than human it leads to danger
·      It is costly, everyone cannot use it.